Process of making fermented beverages.



MAX WALLERSTEIN,

PATENT OFFICE.

OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

PROCESS OF MAKING FERMENTED BEVERAGES.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Nov. 24, 1908.

Application filed March 26, 1008. Serial No. 423,381.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I Max WALLERBTEIN, a citizen of the United States, residing at New York, in the county of New York and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Processes of Mak-V ing Fermented Beverages, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to rocesses whereby starch or starchy materia s, as for instance mashes of distilleries and breweries, are converted and saccharified by means of malt.

It has been recognized heretofore that calcium sulfate existin in small pro rtions in the waters used for rewing or ad ed thereto exerts a favorable action upon the brewin operation and upon the character of the fina product. I have now established the fact that when used in sufiicient proportions as hereinafter described, this salt possesses the property of reatly enhancing the liquefying power of ma t and greatly increasing its saccharifying power. By liquefying power is meant the action of diastase on starch which takes place at comparatively high temperatures and which changes the starch into soluhle starch. By saecharifying power is meant the action of malt or diastaslc solutions in efl'ectin the conversion and saccharification of the liquefied or modified starch.

. I have also discovered that when calcium sulfate is present in suflicient proportions in the medium to be saccharified, the diastase is capable of effecting saccharification at temperatures at which it would otherwise possess little or no activity and would even be destroyed and cos. ulated; and that the worts thus obtaine are quite liquid and comparatively rich in dextrines.

The above statements are readily demonstrated by the following tests :(1) Thirty rams of starch are mixed with 1,000 cc. of distilled water and boiled for one hour. (2) One gram of calcium sulfate is dissolved in 1,000 cc. of distilled water, thirty grams of starch are added, and the mixture is also boiled for one hour. Both mixtures -(1) and (2) are cooled down to 76-78 0., and to each paste is added 20 cc. of a malt extract prepared by extracting 20 rams of malt in 100 cc. of water at 0., or one hour, each 20 cc. of malt extract corresponding therefore to four grams of malt. These starch pastes are thoroughly mixed with the malt extract and are ke t at a constant temperature of to 78 8., for one hour; they are then quickly cooled to about 20 (1., and tested. The result is that No. 1, prepared with distilled water, has not been saccharified, and upon addition of iodin will give a blue reaction due to the presence of unsaccharified starch; whereas No. 2, to which the calcium sulfate was added, is found to be free from starch, the same having all been converted into maltose and dextrines, the latter in relatively high proportions. These tests prove conclusive y t at the diastasic action IS highlyfavored by the presence of a sufficient quantity of calcium sulfate. This to acihtate the process of reparing brewing meshes, one advantage in the saving of materials owing to the better liquefaction of the starch. In preparing brewing meshes according to the materials genera ly used are a mixture of malt with unmalted cereals such as corngrits or rice, the malt constituting as a rule 00-70% of the mixture. The unmalted cegelatinized and are then saccharified by the malt. These raw meshes are pre ared in separate vessels, and I have foun that by the addition of sufiicient calcium sulfate to as raw mash or converter mash the process of gelatinization, liquefaction and saccharification of the starch is greatly improved. I'liave found that it is advantageous to add directly to the converter mash the quantity of calcium sulfate necessary or desirable for the whole brewing, securing thereby the advantage of higher efliciency of conversion due to the greater concentration of the calcium sulfate.

To be more explicit the following figures are given by way of example :To prepare a brew of 400 barrels of beer the total amount of water for mashing and sparging is 500 barrels. Using a. water free from calcium sulfate, the quantity of calcium sulfate 'to be added in order to give this water a favorable composition would be approximately fifty pounds. To prepare the socalled raw mash for this brewing, that is a mesh of the raw materials, -100 barrels of water are taken. Now I have found it advantageous to add the fifty pounds of calcium sulfate, not to the 500 barrels of water necessary for the brewing, but to the 90-100 barrels used for the raw material mash;

thereby I have at the end of the brewing the pro erty of calcium sulfate may be utilized reals, such as rice and grits have first to be practice in this country the J this part of the mash, which is also known desirable amount of calcium sulfate present, and at the same time I have the beneficial influence of the high concentration of calcium sulfate durin the preparation of the raw mash and sacc arification of the malt mash. It has been found in ado ting this process that the raw material mas 1 becomes much more liquid, and that for this reason the wort runs off quicker and is more brilliant; it has also been found that the yield is increased, there being a saving of material equivalent to about one pound per barrel. In practice, the malt mash ma be added to the liquefied raw mash, or fol 0wing the more usual rocedure the liquefied raw mash may be a lowed to run into the malt mash.

The above described properties of calcium sulfate also enable me to produce worts comparatively rich in dextrines. 'lo effect this result I add the necessary quantity of calcium sulfate to the mashes and saccharify at a temperature of approximately 7476 0. Without the presence of calcium sulfate in sufficient roportions the mashes would not complete y saccharify at these temperatures and would show turbidity due to starch, whereas in the presence of calcium sulfate the starch will be completely converted into dextrines andmaltose or nonfermentable soluble carbohydrates, the maltose in relatively small proportions, and the wort will be free from starch turbidity. This enables me to reduce worts which,

36 when fermented, will e comparatively very low in alcohol.

Instead of efi'ecting the entire saccharification at the high temperature mentioned, a similar result ma be secured by saccharifying first at m erate temperatures, say -65" C., and raising the temperature toward the close of the operation to approximately 7476 (1., to complete the iquefaction.

process; these materials are therefore usuall? unsuitable for use.

claim:

1. The process of making fermented beverages which consists in effecting the conversion of the raw mash in presence of dissolved .calcium sulfate in excess of theproportiondesired in the completed product, and thereafter diluting the calcium sul- 'fate to a suitable degree.

2. The process of makin fermented beverages which consists in e ecting the conversion of the raw mash in presence of dissolved calcium sulfate in excess of the roportion desired in the completed pr net, and thereafter dilutin the converted mash by addition of the ma t mash.

3. In a recess of making fermented beverages, t e step of converting starch or starchy materials which consists in actin thereon with malt in presence of dissolved calcium sulfate at a temperature above 74 C.

4. In a process of making fermented beverages, the step of converting starch or starchy materials which consists in actin thereon with malt in presence of dissolved calcium sulfate at a temperature of (SO- 0., and completing the conversion at a temperature above 74 C.

In testimony whereof, I aflix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

MAX WALLERSTEIN.

Witnesses:

WM. VICTOR GOIDBERG, CHARLES T. CoUnNnovEN, Jr. 

